Environmental Impact of Prescribed burning in the United States Essay Example for Free

Ecological Impact of Prescribed consuming in the United States Essay The term endorsed consuming alludes to an administration practice in which fire is utilized to consume a foreordained region under determined ecological conditions.â Burning for this situation is utilized as an administration instrument in territories that are defenseless against bursting into flames because of the ground spread that goes about as fuel load. What's more, consuming is viewed as the most ecologically benevolent and least expensive strategy for having woody development in a biological system controlled.â Prescribed consuming in the United States is normal. In this type of consuming, controlled flames are utilized to consume a predefined land region after appropriate arranging which guarantees that the current climate conditions are positive for the consuming. At the point when climate conditions are not reasonable for the consume, negative effect of the fire in the consumed zones is probably going to be seen (Dale et al, 2009).â In the United States, recommended consuming is viewed as a significant administration device because of the advantages related with it.â Both the landowners and the United States National Forest System have been utilizing endorsed consuming for a long time. As indicated by the United States fire approach corresponding to the woods biological system, there is have to attempt recommended consuming so as to improve the development of business timberlands, forestall rapidly spreading fire harm and to upgrade fire subordinate ecosystems.â However, endorsed consuming has been condemned for its negative effect on the earth. For example, recommended copying results to the freeing from land or utilization of land for horticultural exercises that effectsly affect the environment.â In this paper, the effect of endorsed copying on the earth in the United States will be discussed.â The paper will concentrate on the impact of recommended copying ashore after it is cleared by recommended fires.â Land clearing that outcomes from the copying impacts contrarily on the vegetation, soil, water and biodiversity. Proposition In the United States endorsed consuming is made essential by the conditions in the timberland environments or farms. The consuming targets forestalling fierce blazes that can harm appropriately or lead to death of the individuals if the fuel load on the ground empowers wild fires.â what's more, the United States national timberland framework embraces endorsed consuming exercises because of the biological advantages that consuming provides for the forests.â The national backwoods framework partners recommended consuming to the decrease of out of control fire dangers, land improvement, game environment upgrade, creepy crawly and malady the executives and site groundwork for reforestation (Biswell, 1999). Instances of zones that have experienced recommended consuming exercises incorporate the California wild grounds, Florida Flatwoods and the Southern eastern US National Forest.â It is essential to understand that albeit endorsed consuming in these territories has its advantages to the biological system and the individuals; it likewise impacts contrarily on the earth after some time. Negative natural effect of endorsed consuming happens in spite of the way that recommended consuming is arranged in a way that limits negative impacts of consuming on the environment.â This has made the issue of endorsed consuming to turn into a subject of discussion in the nation .While some think about recommended copying to lessen negative effect of out of control fires on the earth, copying can likewise affect adversely on the environment.â Land clearing that outcome from the copying has negative impact on the earth. Conversation Negative effect of Prescribed consuming on vegetation in the wake of freeing from land Endorsed consuming outcomes to the freeing from land in a foreordained region as the fire consumes the fuel load.â The consuming has both circuitous and direct negative impacts after land clearing by the fire.â Land clearing thus effectsly affects the vegetation, water, soil and untamed life. The negative effect of endorsed consuming in the United States has been seen in certain regions in light of the fact that recommended consuming has become a significant action in the nation. Consistently, a huge number of hectares are scorched. Albeit different strategies for consuming are utilized consume the vegetation spread in the foreordained territories, fires annihilate the current vegetation by either harming or slaughtering the whole plant or parts of the plant.â This relies upon the length that the fire consumes or the power of the fire.â Prescribed consuming dependent on the cut decrease technique results to the decrease of flotsam and jetsam. This strategy is likewise used to lessen garbage if there should arise an occurrence of a characteristic occasion or street construction.â When the executives touched off fire is utilized, the consuming of a stand that has been set up is done while guaranteeing that fire doesn't spread past the foreordained territory. While little trees are totally singed during the consuming, bigger trees may endure the flames however a portion of their trees might be destroyed.â When flames are touched off, the consuming backwoods powers increment the temperatures which make it hard for the vegetation to endure. Since with regards to consuming the temperature of the vegetation and that of the air are significant, individuals who have the duty to light flames ought to do it when the air and vegetation temperatures can't empower fires that can effectsly affect the environment.â For example, endorsed fires in the United States during winter top slaughter the hard woods while hardwood rootstocks are executed by summer consumes. In zones where consuming has not been accomplished for a long-term, profound natural layer that collects during endorsed consuming prompts the cambial harm of trees. Since just little warmth is required to demolish the plant cells in developing plants, consuming the vegetation executes developing plants. This prompts the short and long haul obliteration of the vegetation which after some time opens land to changes that sway contrarily on the great states of the earth. One present moment and long haul effect of endorsed consuming in the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National stops in the United States is the adjustment in species organization (Mary Berth, 2000).â This change modifies appropriate working of the environment since it prompts the development of new species while those that prior existed and are not open minded to fire before the fire neglect to recover. These two parks are situated in California’s South Nevada areas.â The parks spread around 864, 383 sections of land of land and recommended consuming in these two parks was made fundamental by the longing to start environmental advantages in the parks.â The two parks endorsed fire programs were created in 1969 and keeps on being actualized so as to diminish fuel danger issue that may result from overwhelming surface fuel loads.â Though the flames have been utilized to decrease the harm that may result from serious out of control fires, change in species organization because of the freeing from land by flames has throughout the years been seen in the parks. Flames have constrained the development of species that are not open minded to the fire touched off over a long time.â For example, the expansion in relative thickness of the monster Sequoia because of endorsed fires over quite a while has adjusted the development and endurance of some other plant species.â The fruitful fire systems reclamation in the parks has supported the recovery of the species that are fire-adjusted to the detriment of the species that are less-adjusted to fire.â The decrease of fuel load and the rebuilding of woods structure after the flames modify the number and example of development of plant species.â The parks have conifer backwoods commanded by the sequoia species. The adjustment in the species number in a timberland biological system influences the best possible working of the regular biological system and this may prompt exposed ground and soil disintegration when plants and creatures that advance legitimate working of the environment are dispensed with from the earth. In naturally touchy territories in the United States, recommended fires have effectsly affected the recovery and endurance of plant species.â For instance, the riparian zones in a woods system.â An investigation completed to decide the impact of endorsed fire on the riparian zones in the Dark Canyon region demonstrated that the fire devoured 90 percent of the ground fuel, 79 percent of the riparian zone pre-fire fuel, and 34 percent of the absolute surface fuel.â The fire fundamentally decreased the rate front of the surface vegetation (Beche et al, 2005). When contrasted with the unburned territories, the consumed zone indicated an adjustment in the plant taxa lavishness after the recovery of vegetation.â The decrease in plant taxa spread and wealth changed the under story riparian vegetation network structure. These progressions show that when a region encounters recommended consuming for quite a while, vanishing of certain species can prompt decrease in the level of vegetative spread. In the California Oak forests, the Native Americans utilized fire to have the Oak forest vegetation altered.â Prescribed flames are considered to diminish the under story woody vegetation and have the tree thickness is lowered.â After the flames, recovery may result to development of vegetation in patches.â Since the settlement of Euro-Americans in the region, endorsed fire lighted in an environment to make land for domesticated animals farms has evacuated the vegetation spread and rather promising the development of plant species that are useful for scrounge creation. The woody vegetation in the region has been affected.Eventually, diminished vegetation spread has made it simple for soil to be presented to either wind or downpour erosion.Prescribed fires in Oregon’s Mixed †conifer woodlands of Crater Lake throughout the years have adjusted species creation by slaughtering species that are not fireproof while giving positive conditions to the recovery of heat proof species (Agee, 2003).â The Crater Lake National park has in

How to Write a Sample Opinion Essay

How to Write a Sample Opinion EssayIt is normal for a student to be very stressed out when it comes to writing a sample opinion essay. These written essays are a first taste of a student's writing ability and gives them an idea about how much work they have to do to improve their writing skills. Therefore, it is important for students to prepare well for this part of the curriculum.When preparing for a sample opinion essay, a student should not only work on grammar and spelling. Aside from that, he should also write a different opinion or two in order to help him attain high marks. It is also possible for the student to write more than one opinion essay. But, he should have an objective point in mind, which means that he should be able to separate the opinions that are true from those that are false.When writing an opinion essay, a student should have a clear idea on what he wants to say and what he is writing about. In doing so, he can focus more on grammar and spelling as well as t he topics and important aspects of the essay. Some students may need help in this regard. They can ask an older student for help in this aspect. Or, they can seek the assistance of a friend or a teacher in this aspect.Students should also be open to different opinions when it comes to writing an opinion essay. However, he should not be intimidated by others' opinions especially if he is not an expert in this area. Most of the time, the opinions that are offered are true, but one should still read it and then make his own conclusion.These opinions are not necessarily meant to be taken seriously. As long as they are written properly, students should still have fun while working on their samples. With time, they will be able to write their own opinions and thus, they will be able to learn more and become better writers. To know more about writing samples, students can either go online or visit a professional writing tutor.Writing a sample opinion essay is not as easy as writing an ordi nary essay. In fact, it is probably the hardest part of the whole writing process. Therefore, a student should never stop trying to improve himself while writing these opinions.The best way to avoid writing a poor opinion essay is to study well and practice. If a student is unable to understand the topic at hand or the essay is written poorly, he should change his opinion or decide not to write the sample opinion essay in the first place.In the end, the main goal of a student who writes a sample opinion essay is to help other students. He must try to become a good writer in order to achieve this goal. But, if he is unable to write a decent opinion essay, he should still take note of the mistakes and should work hard to be better in the future.

Designing With Feng Shui in Mind

Feng shui (pronounced fung shway) is a learned and intuitive art of understanding the energy of elements. The goal of this Chinese philosophy is harmony and balance, which some people have compared with the Western Classical ideals of symmetry and proportion. Feng is wind and shui is water. Danish architect Jà ¸rn Utzon combined these two forces of wind (feng) and water (shui) in his Australian masterpiece, the Sydney Opera House. Seen from this angle,  says Feng Shui Master Lam Kam Chuen, the whole structure has the quality of a craft with full sails: when the energy of the Wind and Water move together in certain directions, this ingenious structure draws that power to itself and to the city that surrounds it. Designers and decorators claim that they can feel the surrounding, universal energy called chi. But architects who incorporate the Eastern philosophy are not guided by intuition alone. The ancient art prescribes lengthy and complex rules that may strike modern homeowners as quirky. For example, your home should not be built at the end of a dead-end road. Round pillars are better than square. Ceilings should be high and well-lit. To further confuse the uninitiated, there are several different ways to practice feng shui: Use a compass or Lo-Pan to establish the most beneficial placement of roomsDraw on information from the Chinese horoscopeExamine the surrounding land forms, streets, streams and buildingsUse high-tech equipment to examine environmental health hazards, such as electromagnetic radiation and toxic materialsUse feng shui principles to help sell your houseUse some variation of a tool called the Ba-Gua -- an octagonal chart outlining the most favorable placement for roomsManipulate surrounding chi with appropriate colors or objects like a spherical sculpture Yet even the most baffling practices have a basis in common sense. For example, feng shui principles warn that a kitchen door should not face the stove. The reason? A person working at the stove may instinctively want to glance back at the door. This creates a feeling of unease, which can lead to accidents. Feng Shui and Architecture: Feng Shui teaches us how to create healthy harmonious environments, says Stanley Bartlett, who has used the centuries-old art to design homes and businesses. The ideas date back at least 3,000 years, yet a growing number of architects and decorators are integrating feng shui ideas with contemporary building design. For new construction, feng shui can be integrated into the design, but what about remodeling? The solution is the creative placement of objects, colors, and reflective materials. When the Trump International Hotel in New York City was remodeled in 1997, feng shui masters Pun-Yin and her father Tin-Sun installed a giant globe sculpture to divert the roundabout traffic energy from Columbus Circle away from the building. In fact, many architects and developers have enlisted the expertise of feng shui masters to add value to their properties. Everything in nature expresses its own energetic force, says Master Lam Kam Chuen. Recognizing this is essential to creating a living environment in which Yin and Yang are balanced. Despite the numerous complicated rules, feng shui adapts to many architectural styles. Indeed, the clean, uncluttered appearance may be your only clue that a home or office building was designed according to feng shui principles. Think of the shape of your house. If its square, a feng shui master may call it Earth, child of Fire and controller of Water. The shape itself expresses the supportive, secure, and stable quality of Earth, says Lam Kam Chuen. Warm tones of yellow and brown are ideal. Fire Shapes Master Lam Kam Chuen describes the famous triangular design of the Sydney Opera House in Australia as a Fire Shape. The irregular triangles of the Sydney Opera House lick the sky like flames, observes Maser Lam. Master Lam also calls St. Basils Cathedral in Moscow a Fire building, filled with an energy that could be as protective as your mother or as fierce as a mighty enemy. Another Fire structure is The Louvre Pyramid designed by Chinese-born architect I.M. Pei. It is a superb Fire structure, writes Master Lam, drawing down intense energy from the heavens—and making this site a prodigious attraction for visitors. It is perfectly balanced with the Water structure of the Louvre. Fire buildings are generally triangular in shape, like flames, while Water buildings are horizontal, like flowing water. Metal and Wood Shapes The architect shapes space with materials. Feng shui integrates and balances both shapes and materials. Round structures, like geodesic domes, have the energetic quality of Metal moving consistently and safely inward—the ideal design for shelters, according to Feng Shui Master Lam Kam Chuen. Rectangular buildings, like most skyscrapers, express growth, expansiveness, and power typical of Wood. Wood energy expands in all directions. In the vocabulary of feng shui, the word wood refers to the shape of the structure, not the building material. The tall, linear  Washington Monument may be described as a wood structure, with energy moving every which way.   Master Lam offers this assessment of the monument: Its spear-like power emanates in all direction, affecting the Capitol building of the Congress, the Supreme Court, and the White house. Like a mighty sword raised in the air, it is a constant, silent presence: those who live and work within its reach will often find themselves subject to internal disturbance and their ability to make decisions blocked. Earth Shapes and the Smudgers The American Southwest is an exciting juxtaposition of historic pueblo architecture and what many people consider tree-hugging modern ideas about ecology. A vibrant, local community of ecothinkers—people whose environmental thoughts direct their behaviors—have been associated with the area for decades. Frank Lloyd Wrights Experiment in Desert Living is perhaps the most famous example. It seems that this region has an unusual number of architects, builders, and designers committed to ecoversity—energy-efficient, earth-friendly, organic, sustainable design. What we call Southwest Desert Design today is known to combine futuristic thinking with a profound respect for ancient Native American concepts—not only building materials, like adobe, but also feng shui-like Native American activities such as smudging being incorporated into everyday life. Bottom Line on Feng Shui: So, if you are stuck in your career or have trouble in your love life, the root of your problems may be in the design of your home and the misguided energy that surrounds you. Professional feng shui design suggestions can only help, say practitioners of this ancient Chinese philosophy. One way to get your life in balance is to get your architecture in balance. Learn More: Feng Shui Handbook: How to Create a Healthier Living and Working Environment by Master Lam Kam Chuen, Holt, 1996The Architecture of Happiness by Alain De Botton, 2006Understanding Architcture by Robert McCarter and Juhani Pallasmaa, Phaidon, 2012 Sources: Feng Shui Handbook by Master Lam Kam Chuen, Holt, 1996, pp. 70-71, 33-37, 79, 90; Meet Donald Trumps feng shui master by Sasha von Oldershausen, The Guardian, September 13, 2016 [accessed January 14, 2017]

Definition and Examples of Epiphora in Rhetoric

Epiphora—also known as  epistrophe—is a  rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses. Contrast with anaphora (rhetoric). The combination of anaphora and epiphora (that is, the repetition of words or phrases at both the beginning and end of successive clauses) is called symploce. EtymologyFrom the Greek, bringing to Examples and Observations Where now? Who now? When now?- Samuel Beckett, The Unnamable, 1953[T]here is only one thing about which I am certain, and this is that there is very little about which one can be certain.- W. Somerset Maugham, quoted by Laurence Brander in Somerset Maugham: A Guide. Oliver Boyd, 1963Take whatever idiot they have at the top of whatever agency and give me a better idiot. Give me a caring idiot. Give me a sensitive idiot. Just don’t give me the same idiot.†- Aaron Broussard, president of Jefferson Parish, speaking about FEMA Chief Michael Brown, September 6, 2005Im a Pepper, hes a Pepper, shes a Pepper, were a Pepper. Wouldnt you like to be a Pepper, too? Dr. Pepper.- Advertising jingle for Dr. Peppper soft drinkWe deal in illusions, man. None of it is true! But you people sit there, day after day, night after night—also known asall ages, colors, creeds.Youre beginning to believe the illusions were spinning here! Youre beginning to think that the tube is reality and that your own lives are unreal. You do whatever the tube tells you.You dress like the tube.You eat like the tube.You raise your children like the tube.You even think like the tube.This is mass madness, you maniacs! In Gods name, you people are the real thing. We are the illusion!- Peter Finch as television anchorman Howard Beale in Network, 1976Success hasn’t changed Frank Sinatra. When he was unappreciated and obscure, he was hot-tempered, egotistical, extravagant, and moody. Now that he is rich and famous, he is still hot-tempered, egotistical, extravagant, and moody.- Dorothy Kilgallen, 1959 newspaper columnThere is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America.- Bill ClintonIve gotta be your damn conscience. Im tired of being your conscience. I dont enjoy being your conscience.- Dr. Wilson to Dr. House in HouseShes safe, just like I promised. Shes all set to marry Norrington, just like she promised. And you get to die for her, just like yo u promised.- Jack Sparrow, Pirates of the CaribbeanAnd now when I sway to a fitful wind, alone and listing, I will think, maple key. When I see a photograph of earth from space, the planet so startlingly painterly and hung, I will think, maple key. When I shake your hand or meet your eyes I will think, two maple keys. If I am a maple key falling, at least I can twirl.- Annie Dillard, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek, 1974 Epiphora and Parallel Structures Epiphora can be combined with parallelism, as in the following expression attributed to both [Abraham] Lincoln and P. T. Barnum: You can fool some of the people all of the time and all of the people some of the time, but you cant fool all of the people all of the time.- James Jasinski, Sourcebook on Rhetoric. Sage, 2001 Shakespeares Use of Epiphora Then, since this earth affords no joy to meBut to command, to check, to o’erbear suchAs are of better person than myself,I’ll make my heaven to dream upon the crown;And, whiles I live, to account this world but hell,Until my mis-shap’d trunk that bears this headBe round impaled with a glorious crown.And yet I know not how to get the crown,For many lives stand between me and home.- Gloucester in William Shakespeares The Third Part of King Henry the Sixth, Act 3, scene 2 Fie, fie, thou shamest thy shape, thy love, thy wit,Which, like a userer, aboundst in all,And uses none in that true sense indeedWhich should bedeck thy shape, thy love, thy wit.- Friar Laurence in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, Act 3, scene 3 Polyptoton and Epiphora A form of epiphora . . . can be created by way of polyptoton (variations on a word). An ad for Suffolk University features the statement, Politics is your life. Now make it your living (life and living are both derived from the Old English word libban). Epiphora can be combined with parallelism, as in the following expression attributed to both Lincoln and P.T. Barnum: You can fool some of the people all of the time and all of the people some of the time, but you cant fool all of the people all of the time.- James Jasinkski, Sourcebook on Rhetoric: Key Concepts in Contemporary Rhetorical Studies. Sage, 2001 Pronunciation: ep-i-FOR-ah

Benefits Of Feeding Breast Milk Essay - 908 Words

There are several benefits of feeding breast milk; they are lower risk of infectious disease, ear infection, allergic rhinitis, asthma, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), childhood obesity, upper respiratory tract infection and diarrhea episode (Neifer Bunik, 2013; Pineda, 2011). The total costs of the burden of not breastfeeding is around 13 billion dollars in the United States (Bonia, Twells, Halyard, Ludlow, Newhook Murphy, 2013). There exist racial and ethnic disparity in breastfeeding in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) African American population breastfeeding rate is 58.9% compared to Caucasian American is 75.2%. There are several barriers to initiation and continuation of breastfeeding behavior from birth till six months; they are: soreness of nipple, mother’s own views on breastfeeding, lacks family and social support, delivery type, number of pregnancies, use of any illicit drugs, premature newborn, age of a mo ther, illnesses of a mother and infant, real and perceived milk insufficiency, convenience of Women Infant children (WIC) formula, delayed intervention to breastfeeding problems, lacks breastfeeding information, lacks follow up after discharge, early introduction of solid food, perception of normal infant behavior, lacks knowledge about pumping breast milk, lacks support from health care provider, mothers education level and maternal occupation (Cabieses, Waiblinger, Santorelli McEachan, 2014;Show MoreRelatedEssay on Breast-Feeding vs Formula876 Words   |  4 Pagesa mother and family can make is the option of breast milk or formula. In a growing society where mothers are given dirty looks for nursing in public, or media outlets rage in disapproval to mothers that share nursing stories, it almost seems crazy not to pick up a bottle and feed a child. Our society has made formula feeding a â€Å"norm† and had turned its back to mothers that ponder the choice of breast-feed ing. This is a complete shame; breast-feeding is a natural practice of human development. Read MoreWhat is Breast Feeding? Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is breast feeding? Feeding the baby with naturally produced milk, from the mother’s breasts is called breast feeding. This milk is produced from the ducts located in the females’ breasts. This process of feeding the baby is also called lactation. This process can continue for more than six months. Some babies are too dependent on lactation. Their mothers are able to produce natural milk for several months. The span of production of breast milk depends quite on the demands of the baby and itsRead MoreThe Benefits Of Breast Feeding902 Words   |  4 Pages The Benefits of Breast Feeding Since the invention of formula mothers have had trouble deciding how best to go about feeding their children. Each mother has their own preferred feeding technique, some of whom chose to use both feeding methods depending on the situation. For some mothers breast feeding is not a viable option for reasons such as lactation issues, busy schedules, and secondary care givers (Health Psychology). For those mothers whom are able and willing to breast feed their infantsRead MoreBreast Feding vs. Formula Feeding862 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Feeding vs. Formula Feeding There are advantages and disadvantages to both breastfeeding and formula feeding. Some things to consider when deciding which to choose are: cost, convenience, nutrition, and the health benefits to both the baby and to the mother. In terms of cost, an advantage to breastfeeding is that breast milk is free. Its estimated that breastfeeding can save you thousands of dollars a year, depending on the brand of formula that would have been used instead. AccordingRead MoreChoosing Your Newborn First Food Can Feel Like A Challenging Dilemma962 Words   |  4 Pagesand existing moms each agreed that breastfeeding provides an array of benefits that surpasses the alternative feeding options. Stores nationwide are stocked with various brands of formula all claiming to contain the conducive various nutrients of breast milk. In comparison to store-bought formulas and its many facets, breastfeeding is the overall best adequate source for most newborn growth and development. Furthermore, Breast milk is naturally gentle on a newborns digestive system. Also it is a convenientRead MoreBreast Feeding Versus Bottle Feeding886 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Feeding Versus Bottle Feeding There are many different myths and opinions about breast-feeding and how it is beneficial for a child, some women and even men choose to view the breast as a sexual object, although in reality it is meant for the purpose of nourishing an infant. As for the other half of women around the world, many believe breast-feeding is the most natural way to feed a child as they receive the vitamins and minerals a youngster needs to grow up strong. Breast-Feeding and BottleRead MoreThe Health Benefits Of Breast Feeding1451 Words   |  6 Pagestwo choices, breastfeeding or bottle/formula feeding. Breast feeding is simply the baby sucking milk from the mother’s breasts, while formula feeding is manufactured food fed to the baby with a bottle. There are arguments for and against one or the other, but which is actually better? Below we will examine the pros and cons of both methods, in an effort to understand if one is truly better than the other. First we will look at the pros of Breast-feeding. According to the Office on Women’s Health,Read MoreBreast Feeding Vs. The Bottle1326 Words   |  6 PagesBreast-feeding vs. The Bottle: The Decision is yours â€Å"Some mothers have to give up breastfeeding even though they want to breastfeed. To give up breastfeeding can be a sensitive issue in a time when breastfeeding is promoted as the healthiest for mother and child† (Larsen Kronborg, 2013, p. 848). The debate over whether breast-feeding is better than bottle-feeding or vice versa has been a debate for many years. With more and more research that is continuously being developed, the option to breast-feedRead More Breast Feeding vs Formula Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages Breast-feeding is nutritionally, emotionally and physically superior for a mother and her child. â€Å"Human breast milk is not standard nor is it interchangeable with cow’s milk. It is a dynamic fluid that changes in composition to meet the needs of the baby as it grows† (â€Å"Giving your Baby... Diet.† par. #10). Breast milk contains growth factors and antibodies which stimulate the growing baby and protect it from illness such as diarrhea, ear infections, rashes, allergies, asthma, skin problems, pneumoniaRead MoreEssay Breast Feeding Is Best1577 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Feeding Is Best Breast feeding not only provides the perfect food and food delivery system for infants, it is also the most family friendly choice a new mother can make. Human breast milk contains at least one hundred ingredients not found in cows milk and that cannot be exactly duplicated in commercial formulas (Eisenburg 3). As a baby grows and changes, breast milk automatically individualizes itself for each infant. The nutrients in breast milk alter

Employment Growth and Equality Samples for Studetns-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Advocacy of Employer association in regards to Penalty Rates and their Implications in reduction of Penalty Rates for Employment Growth and Equality. Answer: Introduction Industrial success depends on strong positive mutual understanding between management and employees regarding collective bargaining by trade union. The dynamic domain of enterprise industrial relations incorporates various union and industrial relations concepts that can enhance worker employer relationships (Ferner, 2012). Before 19th century workers in Australia did not have legal term to fight against their rights in company regarding negotiation in wages increment, rights of decision power, working hours and regarding other disputes. Industrial workers of Melbourne, Australia have marked the history by introducing the system of working 8 hours a day in any industry. Trade Union Act later was commenced in 19th century (Gold Rush), legally by legislative to fights and negotiating for workers wages and working condition in industry with the higher management. The scope of this essay analyses employer association in connection to reduction of penalty rates as listed in Modern Awards. The Fair Work Commission proceeding for Penalty Rate case for employer association and their advocacies as well as their implications in reduction for employment growth and income equality is examined. This analysis is an important aspect of ways and means to manage people at work place and will help analyse the potential impacts in industrial systems. Penalty and Modern Reward The scope of introduction of Trade Union laws and other prominent aspects and systems within the industrial domain was to bring a standard for uniformity. Powerful trade unions had in mind that they need to reduce penalty rates and induce in a system that can commensurate wages paid to workers. Primary motive behind the introduction of law of trade union in Australia was to change the trend of low wages for all jobs and comparatively high working hours. They too wanted to bring in the system for workers to favor for overtime credit in terms of money(Mowbray, 2015). Trade union helped all standard workers to increment in wage rate along with fixed working hours as per Hawkes Accord (1970-80). As per Creighton report this law faced multi-complexity 1950. Australian companies generally make legal Enterprise bargaining agreement (EBA) between workers and management to avoid future disputes. As per Fair Work Act 2009, the fair commission at every four years interval conducts review in 3 s teps, dealing, issue and award stage. Later it had stated that Penalty should be dealt by separate legislative (17, March 2014) rather than as common issue(Barry, 2015). Jurisdiction submitted its final hearing of all cases 2015-2016 done on basis of evidences and submission of survey reports by eyewitnesses related to weekend and public holiday penalty and other issues in modern awards such as Restaurant Industry Award 2010, General Retail Award 2010 and so on. Thus, there was an option that was created to attend to penalty rates and create uniformity amongst workers. General public was given open invitation to participate in such cases to fight against or in favor of industry and workers penalty matter. The justice during hearing agreed to arguments in favor of workers regarding non penalty of wages for halting work during public holidays and others(Drahokoupil, 2014). This will affect the motivational part of employees toward their work. So full on Justice finally consider the of fer of awarding employees with extra overtime pay during extra effort and time put in for organisation during weekends and public holidays(Knox, 2009). From 1950 there has been much complexity for bargaining by Trade union for workers rights, due to high demanding from them. Employee Association and United voice was collecting cases with evidences to put before justice to assure during hearing that the modern award built is not favorable in working condition, but it has been finally denied by full on justice (Section 156). Court did not passes the proposal kept in front of justice by the Trade union to take some tests to confirm that the modern award does not fulfills modern awards Objectives as it takes to consider sec 156 which is not commission lookout to overcome circumstances(Craig, 2015). AI group from their point of view kept a proposal in court that has been taken for consideration that, we can extend the modern award it will be beneficial to fulfill its objective in a material form. The primary notion was to generate an effect for the workers at the industrial level who are paid daily wages systems. Additional remuneration should be appreciated to workers as per section 134(1) who performs their works with extra effort during weekends and public holidays. It has been passing taking into consideration that work done at this time, should be beneficial to the organisation and secondly it should be given extra remuneration at higher rate than that of daily fix during agreement(Ibrahim, 2016). Justice does not pass law in acceptance of extra work done during Saturday for few sectors, but sectors like Fast food, Retail, Pharmacy employees (Section 65 66) should be given extra pay for the time allotted to company during weekends to benefit them. Extra pay for the workers of fast food should increase and decrease as per their standard of work by the owner. Pubs and restaurant employees should be awarded to fulfill modern award objective during festive seasons late nights and extra duty hours(Wilkinson, 2010). Full on justice disagree to the proposal regarding Sunday overtime extra remuneration by stating justice that, maximum workers takes money of overtime on Sunday where there is less pressure for work compare to that of weekdays and Saturdays(Boxall, 2016). Full on justice finally decided to decrease the penalty rates in Hospitality and Retail rewards due to reasons discusses above in contest from 250 to 225 in case of full time and pass time and in casual 275 to 250. Full on justice particularly marked the reason of rate cut in pay due disutility hours spend in working on Sundays and other holidays. Saturday to be taken as general Working day and other changes were made for this(Fan, 2016). Common evidences collected from different groups and common people regarding penalty rates for working on Sundays and public holidays(Cooper, 2008). Productivity Commission Inquiry Report pinpointing specially for workplace relations framework also known as PC report, has differ totally to that of Full Benchs conclusion though it would have taken available with them reports as evidences like Rose and Sand report to that of employers and employees report which clearly shows and proves that reports submitted in any case is justifies for penalties to be levied for Sundays and Saturdays(Healy, 2016). Whereas on other side, Retail and hospitality management report states that, reduction in labor cost during weekends and other holidays is acceptable due to reduction in staff, lowering working hours and so on. Reduction in penalty rates can be seen as a positive initiative that can impact on productivity in employees. This can also promote income equality amongst employees leading to better performance and employee level satisfaction. Penalty rates should be reduced and more changes should be brought into being for effective and efficie nt management of workers unions and to avoid conflicts. The goal behind reduction and penalty rates was to create and generate a parity in income levels such that workers can benefit from them. Reasons and Conclusion Full on Justice after considering all the reports and evidences submitted by many groups to make changes in penalty rates for working on Sundays and other public holidays particularly favorable on Hospitability and Retail Awards. Full on Justice agreed to increase and decrease penalty rates on the basis of report submitted by PC as default approach for casual employees. As mentioned above casual employees should be awarded with 25 percentage extra money to that of full time and part time employees. These two industries Hospitality and retail differ in many ways in characteristics to that of other. Job openings for public are higher in sector like Hospitality, Entertainment, Retail, restaurants and cafes (HERRC). Workers of these companies tend to require working more on weekends and on holidays as it is opened for public entertainment more and extra profitable for companies. Chief justice showed extra concern and agreed to increase extra pay for those employees who work and earn day to day wages to earn bread for family. No extra pay been awarded to save money for future life. Therefore based on evidence report submitted by SDA and united voice to impose pay penalty for extra worked done on Sundays and public holiday days taking an individual point of view. Ordered by justice to straight away to rewarding workers of this level to give them bit relief from tough time. Workers who take away extra load of work home to mark as Sunday overtime to get overtime, was totally disagreed by judge. Finally it has been decided and finalized by Full on justice on based of all evidences that penalty changes on Sunday holidays will be in effect from 1 July 2017 and late night rewards reduction and increment started from March 2017. References Barry, M. 2015. Employer and employer association matters in Australia in 2015. . Journal of Industrial Relations, 0022185616634092. Boxall, P. a. 2016. Strategy and Human Resource Management, Third Edition. In Chapter 1 The Goals of Human Resource Management (pp. 1-33). Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Cooper, R. . 2008. The neoliberal state, trade unions and collective bargaining in Australia. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 532-554. Craig, L. . 2015. Nonstandard employment and nonwork activities, time alone and with others: Can weekend workers make up lost time?. . Journal of Industrial Relations, 3-23. Drahokoupil, J. 2014. Decision-making in multinational corporations: key issues in international business strategy. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 199-215. Fan, D. X. 2016. The paths of managing international human resources of emerging market multinationals: Reconciling strategic goal and control means. Human Resource Management Review, 298-310. Ferner, A. E. 2012. Power, institutions and the cross-national transfer of employment practices in multinationals. Human Relations, 163-187. Healy, J. 2016. The Australian labour market in 2015. . Journal of Industrial Relations, 308-323. Ibrahim, H. I. 2016. An empirical inquiry into the relationship between corporate governance and human resource management. Knox, A. 2009. Better the devil you know? An analysis of employers' bargaining preferences in the Australian hotel industry. Journal of Industrial Relations, 25-44. Mowbray, P. K. 2015. An integrative review of employee voice: Identifying a common conceptualization and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 382-400. Wilkinson, A. G. 2010. Conceptualizing employee participation in organizations.

The Contributors And Their Contributions To Modern Security Essay Example For Students

The Contributors And Their Contributions To Modern Security Essay The Contributors and their Contributions to Modern SecurityThe need for security has been around since the beginning of recorded time. Many came together in an effort to protect themselves and their belongings, from such threats as animals, weather and other humans. This grouping also made it easier to find food and satisfy their need for socialization. They donned weapons, erected walls, built barriers, and made laws, in an attempt to shield themselves from danger and fear. Humans evolved, as did their types of security, weaponry and barriers. Often, rulers selected individuals to aid in the enforcement of laws, as well as provide security for the ruler himself. Many of those individuals were men chosen from the military, which were often ruthless, and dangerous. The Romans relied upon the military force of the legions. To place the military on a stable foundation and disperse the power that the legions held, Augustus, the Emperor of Rome, created The Praetorian Guard, a type of bod yguard police, The Urban Cohorts, which were comprised of soldiers with police and military duties. Also, The Vigiles, large groups of firefighter police. We will write a custom essay on The Contributors And Their Contributions To Modern Security specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now During the Middle Ages, the Serfs, working for Noblemen, who answered to the King, worked the land, provided arms and fought in the Kings’ wars. In exchange, the Serfs received food and security from the noblemen. Anglo-Saxons brought the idea of mutual responsibility for protection of individuals. Tithings, a Grouping of ten families, collectively assumed responsibility for maintaining law and order. The tithing system was later replaced with the Frankpledge system after the Norman Conquest. The Frankpledge system demanded that all free Englishman swear to keep the peace. The Magna Charta, challenged the feudal system during King John’s reign as his lords revolted and forced him to sign, giving all Englishmen â€Å"due process† of law. The Magna Charta is the basis for modern justice. The Statute of Westminster formalized the practice in criminal justice and apprehension of criminals. The watch and ward system required townsmen to patrol the cities during the night, while the constables patrolled during the day. Those who did not serve were placed in the stocks. The hue and cry system served as alarm for the citizens of the town or city. When a criminal resisted the watchman cried out and the people of the town came to his aid. Enforcement of the hue and cry was brought about by the assize of arms, which required every male between fifteen and sixty years of age to keep a weapon in the home as a â€Å"harness to keep the peace.† Many merchants were not satisfied with the quality of the protection provided them, therefore they hired private police. These private police guarded their businesses, investigated crimes, and recovered stolen property. Oliver Cromwell attempted to use his army as a police force as a means of crime prevention. There was no effective police mechanism between the people and his army. Therefore, the people resisted and the watch and ward system remained the primary crime control procedure until the industrial revolution. The Industrial Revolution of England brought about many changes. Famine hit the rural community, forcing many into the cities to find jobs at mills and factories. Crime intensified within the cities brought on by the countless poverty stricken people trying to survive. Furthermore, Political extremists triggered angry mobs, which caused riots. Because there was no organized police to handle riots, a magistrate ordered the â€Å"Riot Act† and called in the military. In London, 1748 Henry Fielding was made the Chief Magistrate of Bow Street. During this period of time there was no police force. He was known for his leniency in dealing with petty theft. He also wrote and published pamphlets about the poverty in London, and the causes of the rising crime. Fielding envisioned an idea that the p eople may join forces, go out into the streets, and stop crime before it had a chance to cause ruin. .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .postImageUrl , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:hover , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:visited , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:active { border:0!important; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:active , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bioethics EssayFielding chose six men to form a volunteer force. These men â€Å"swept clean† the Bow Street area. Many were arrested, and the rest fled from the neighborhood. Even after Henry Fielding’s death, his brother John carried on his ideas. The Bow Street volunteers eventually became a professional outfit known as the Bow Street Runners, the first detective agency in England. In 1785, William Pitt proposed a bill to establish a strong police force, to act through out the city. The bill was rejected by the press, the public and the justices and was defeated. Another attempt at reform in 1792, his Middlesex Justice bill established seven public offices, each having three paid magistrates, and six paid constables. Patrick Colquhoun was one of the magistrates under Pitt’s Justice bill. Colquhoun offered â€Å" A Treatise on the Police of Metropolis† and showed startling statistics pointing out the need for a large police force, and also believed in separating the police from judicial power. His treatise was a milestone in using statistics in correlation with crime. Sir Robert Peel, â€Å"the father of modern policing†, originated the Metropolitan Police of London in 1829. The police were appointed and paid by the city, and their objective was to be the prevention of crime. Sir Robert Peel had nine principles regarding the police:? The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder. ? The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions. ? Police must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. ? The degree of co-operation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force. ? Police seek and preserve public favour not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law. ? Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient. ? Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention t o duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence. ? Police should always direct their action strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary. ? The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it. Although the objective was on crime prevention, the focus eventually turned to investigation and apprehension of criminals. Therefore, the need for private police was still great. Allen Pinkerton was one of the developers of the railroad police, as well as contract security forces. He was appointed the deputy sheriff of Cook County, and in 1843, Chicago’s first detective. Pinkerton later resigned his position due to economic pressure. He then started the Pinkerton National Detective agency, and focused on apprehending railroad criminals, and setting up security systems for railroads. During the Civil War, Pinkerton was called on by President Lincoln to establish a secret service department, where he did intelligence work for the Union Army. In the 1860’s and 70’s Pinkerton’s agency received National attention by apprehending train robbers and bandits. Currently Pinkerton Inc. is the largest private security organization in the U.S. It became a public corporation in 1965 and continues to grow annually. *Quotes taken from Introduction to Private Security And Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice 6th ed. by Karen M. Hess Henry M. Wrobleski. 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